International Journal on Recent Technologies in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

Comparative Analysis of Power switches MOFET and IGBT Used in Power Applications

Dr. D. Vanitha — Fri, 23 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, deals with detailed analysis between MOSFET and IGBT. There always a race between MOSFET and IGBT in the power electronics markets. This paper will gives the complete details about them. This paper also discuss how they are used for various applications. By reading this paper any beginners who wants to need detailed analysis between IGBT and MOSGET they can get.

Numerical Simulation of Optimized Placement of Distibuted Generators in Standard Radial Distribution System Using Improved Computations

Puneet Sharma, Pawan Kumar Tiwari — Fri, 23 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The need for energy globally has increased recently. Additionally, the idea of distributed generation is propelled by the absence of suitable transmission capacity, exaggerated transmission and distribution disasters, and the release of power advertising. Numerous benefits of distributed generation (DG) include a decrease in energy loss during force transfer and a reduction in the length and width of electrical cables. By lowering power quality and other problems, the use of the DGs with the current force distribution arrangements may enhance the intensity standard. The impacts of distributed generators (DGs) are discussed in this article in relation to various operating situations and the voltage measurement output of the regulator, which is typically accessible in grid interface. The investigation's goals are to locate the best DG connection point in the DS, reduce the power and voltage profile, and improve compliance with the power efficiency limitations. The procedure has been simulated in the MATLAB Simulink system using the Institute of Electricity's test system (IEEE), and the results are displayed using numerical simulation. As a result, the system voltage profile was improved.

Design Simulation and Review of Solar PV Power Forecasting Using Computing Techniques

Rajendra Kumar, Gulhasan Ahmad, Pawan Kumar Tiwari, Mukesh Kumar Yadav — Fri, 23 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The field of renewable energies provides solutions to the sustainable energy challenges of developing countries. Various renewable energy options are used to solve the power shortage in India. In recent years, power generation has increased significantly, but the market is promising for domestic organisations, distribution networks and transmission networks, and the financial situation is sluggish and influential. India has 450,000 kilowatts of hydroelectric power, has an installed wind power capacity of 230,000 kilowatts, but has almost no great potential for renewable energy. However, India is currently very high in this region, 2022 (not including large hydropower), the target is to raise the current installed capacity from 37 GW of renewable energy to 1.75 million kilowatts. Solar energy is a key part of the governmentâ€™s extension policy. The demonstration of solar PV Systems is highly advantageous for geography and structure. For efficient structure, we need effective design and forecasting tools. PV system is a popular tool to optimise and schedule the design and construction of independent photovoltaic solar systems connected to the grid.

The objective of this research is to introduce the equivalent design model of the photo voltaic solar power plant and to analyses the impact of power forecasting on performance assessment of solar photo voltaic system. Mathematical model of solar photovoltaic system has been implemented using and performance is analysed using PV and IV characteristics of solar photovoltaic system. Modified prediction technique was implemented for optimum forecasting in the specified scenario of complex operating condition.

Investigations on PAPR and SER Performance Analysis of OFDMA and SCFDMA under Different Channels

Girraj Kumar Jangid, Ashish Kumar Sharma, L. N. Balai — Fri, 23 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing are two multicarrier regulatory systems that have improved due to the growing demand in quick communication (OFDM). A frequency division multiplexing (FDM) plot called orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is utilized as a sophisticated multi carrier regulation approach.

Due to its excellent spectrum efficiency and low data rate, the single carrier multiple access system (SC-FDMA) is a unique radio transmission technique that is now employed in long-term evolution (LTE) technology for uplink. When compared to OFDM, reduced peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and error rate technique. PAPR performance has been obtained using Matlab simulation. Techniques using variable numbers of subcarriers include SC-FDMA and OFDMA. Two various subcarrier assignment strategies have been proposed, distributed FDMA Localized FDMA and (DFDMA) (LFDMA). IFDMA, or interleaved FDMA, is a DFDMA special situation when DFT results have been distributed consistently and at the same distance. When comparing the SC-FDMA variants, we discover that Localized has a higher PAPR than interleaved (FDMA) (FDMA). We also talk about the Performance of LFDMA and IFDMA's SER (Symbol Error Rate) and found that localized (FDMA) performs better in the SER than interleaved (IFDMA) method.

Superconducting Multifunctional Transmission Line Fundamentals

Francisco Casesnoves — Fri, 23 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Primary Superconductors Multifunctional Transmission Line (SCMTL) engineering basic project built on High Temperature Superconductors (HTSCs) Interior Optimization (IO) and Molecular Effect Model (MEM) previous research series is explained and detailed. Results comprise fundamental design of SCMTL and functional applications with several HTSCs materials. Advantages and inconvenients of SCMTL project are evaluated. A number of applications are presented. Transmission Lines (TLs) and optimization in several electric power installations types are shown.

A Review on Artificial Neural Network and Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines

Mohamed Salah Hofny, Nouby M. Ghazaly — Mon, 26 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Internal combustion engines are extensively used in energy generation and all transportation methods for people and goods. So, the demand of fuels used in IC engines has largely increased. The need of liquid fuels reaches to 3000 million tons oil equivalent per year and they are the cause of 10% of the worldâ€™s greenhouse emissions [1]. Our need for transport energy (IC engines) increases rapidly for both SI (passenger cars) and CI (commercial road transport and marine sectors) engines. This increase is predicted to reach about 40% in 2040 depending on 90% petroleum based liquid fuels, 5% natural gas. Now, the main development in petrol engines is to reach maximum performance while in diesel engines is to reduce soot and NO_xemissions without affecting efficiency [2]. Internal combustion engines can be classified to spark ignition engines that use gasoline fuel where fuel-air are mixed before ignition and then combustion occurs, and compression ignition engines that uses diesel as a fuel that is compressed and injected so it reaches to self-ignition temperature. But at these days, there are many alternative fuels used instead of gasoline and diesel fuels such as ethanol, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal-derived liquid fuels, hydrogen, biodiesel, fuels other than alcohol, derived from biological materials, and non-petroleum fuels. Global transportation need of fuels is as in Figure 1. This indicates that biofuels reach 3% of the total fuel consumed in transportation sector [3]. These alternative sources reduce emissions and Sulphur contents [4]. Fuels of internal combustion engines in the general can be classified as shown in Figure 2. that indicates all types of conventional and alternative fuels [5]. In the last years, internal combustion engines have been controlled by artificial neural network as this method has various advantages, they can save time and money. This method is used to give us an indication about performance, combustion, and emissions. The purpose of the study is to look into the network topologies used to design the model, followed by a statistical analysis of the created ANN models. Also provided is a comparison of the ANN model and other prediction models [6].

Study the Tribology Characteristics of HDPE Reinforced by Al2O3 and CNTs

Mon, 26 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The current work focuses on design pin-on-disc tribometer using stepper motors and linear actuator to achieve better accuracy of results. also focuses on improving the tribological properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced by 0.1â€“ 0.5 wt. % of Al₂O₃, 0.1â€“ 0.5 wt% SWCNTs and 0.1â€“ 0.5 wt% MWCNTs nanoparticles. The nano-composite specimens were prepared to the cylindrical shape and subjected to friction and wear tests using pin on disc tribometer. The specimens were tested as counterpart and the disk which made from stainless steel. Wear tests were done each exactly 120 sec., and the weight losses calculated by weighing the specimens before and after the test. It is very well noticed from the experiments that the HDPE nano-composite specimen of 0.2 wt% of Al₂O₃, 0.5wt% of SWCNTs and 0.2 wt% of MWCNTs gives the best tribological properties so that the friction coefficient is reduced also the wear rate.

Comprehensive Review and Analysis on Applications and Advantages of Soft Computing Based Maximum Power Point Tracking in Solar PV Energy System

Bharat Bhushan Jain, Nandkishor Gupta, Ashish Raj, Sandeep Kumar — Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

For both production and daily living, electricity is essential. Power generation, power transmission, power conversion, and power consumption make up the four components of the power system. It is difficult to set up transmission and transmission systems for minimal power demands on isolated farms, forest farms, and islands. The past ten years have seen the discovery and publication of several methods for finding MPP. These technologies differ in many ways, including the types of sensors used, their complexity, price, speed of detection, accuracy in tracking changes in light and temperature, the materials required for the application or user data, etc. There are several methods, including P&O, ear networks, open or short-circle volumes, current probe, and fuzzy logic controllers. The majority of these techniques provide at least locally, however others, such open or short circular circuits, only provide an average MPP. This is not an issue because the V-P curve often has just one meaningful value. However, there will be more than one maximum in these curves if the PV curve is somewhat obscured. This research article provides a thorough analysis of the various renewable energy sources, as well as their maximum point tracking methodologies and comparison outcomes.

Numerical Simulation of Detection and Classification of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Faults using Improved Stockwell Transform

Bharat Bhushan Jain, Nandkishor Gupta, Ashish Raj — Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In the electricity industry, dispersed generators' changing behavior has a number of systemic effects that need to be looked at. Power system protection equipment is widely employed, dispersed across the whole network, and helps utilities strengthen the system against a variety of symmetrical and asymmetrical faults; their identification and segregation are thus essential. The Stockwell Transform is used to generate an S-matrix from signal characteristics in the unique fault diagnosis approach that has been developed. This method, which is evaluated using MATLAB Simulink and IEEE 33 Bus systems, depends on thresholds and an algorithm to identify errors.

Comprehensive Review and Analysis of SVPWM Technique for CSI and VSI Systems

Bharat Bhushan Jain, Nandkishor Gupta, Ashish Raj, Sandeep Kumar — Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Power electronics has seen substantial technical development during the last three decades. Recently, it has been applied in a range of industrial, commercial, residential, and aviation applications. Low-power, high-frequency power electronics that must accommodate switching-mode power supplies on demand and high-power, low-frequency power electronics that must accommodate switching-mode power supplies appear to be polarized in opposite ways. The main goal of this paper is to build SVPWM Model in a systematic manner, use it to compare and contrast Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) and Current Source Inverters (CSI), and apply it to both of these devices. Based on space vector theory, a three-phase VSI and CSI model is developed. The simulation results are found using MATLAB/Simulink for efficiency. Three-phase inverters are suggested for the SVPWM system. In VSI and CSI modulation, this modulation strategy is essential. We'll focus on meticulously developing the SVPWM Model, using it to compare VSI and CSI on a number of variables, such as load parameters, switching frequency, and modulation index.

Numerical Simulation and Design of Power Fluctuation Controlling of Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Modified Particle Swarm Optimization

Nand Kishor Gupta, Dr. Bharat Bhushan Jain, Ashish Raj, Satish Kumar Alaria — Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

While intermittent renewable energy sources like wind and solar have high volatility, hybrid energy storage is crucial to microgrid power balancing and smoothing out renewable energy's power fluctuations. Microgrids are now a highly effective and adaptable new distribution power grid that can be seamlessly integrated with existing power systems thanks to the microgrid industry's recent rapid growth. The amount of power generated via renewable resources is rising. The generation of photovoltaic (PV) electricity may fluctuate due to changes in cloud cover and weather-related variations in light intensity. These can have a significant impact on a severe Microgrid voltage fluctuation problem in a system with a high PV penetration. However, the battery energy storage system (BESS) is a piece of technology that may be employed to reduce PV volatility and increase the Microgrid's adaptability. An enhanced particle swarm optimization (I-PSO) is created in this study. By maximizing both BESS active and reactive power, battery consumption may be improved, overcharging and discharge prevented, and voltage fluctuation is reduced.

Design Simulation and Perfromance Assessment of PMSM Based Motor Charactersitics for Electric Vehicle Applications

Virendra Swaroop Sangtani, Bharat Bhushan Jain, Nandkishor Gupta, Ashish Raj — Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Electric cars (EVs) are becoming more and more commonplace in comparison to conventional vehicles that are fueled by fossil fuels. The increased cost of an EV's acquisition, however, may continue to be a significant barrier for the industry. Consumers for a variety of factors, including less carbon emissions, improved performance, and more, prefer electric cars. The sustainability of energy production over the long run depends on environmental awareness and a commitment to renewable energy sources. A recent study found that for every 1% growth in renewable energy sources, demand for electric vehicles will increase by 2â€“6%. Electric vehicles (EVs) can offer new possibility for supplying regulation services and a variety of consumption alternatives by changing the recharging power at a certain time interval. In this paper, modeling electric cars serves as the main topic. To simulate the performance of an Evoelectric "AF-130" Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, a Rinehart Motion Systems AC motor controller called the "PM100DZ" will be utilized. With the use of this information, researchers were able to comprehend permanent-magnet motor drives better. In this work, the PMSM and vector control Simscape blocks will be verified. Last but not least, parameter estimation was employed to make adjustments to the thermal and dynamic motor models. The discrepancy between datasheet values and simulated data was still present, and its cause was looked into.

Numerical Simulation and Design for Mitigating Power Quality Issue based on PV Supported DVR and D-STATCOM

Nidhi Yadav, Kalpana Meena — Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Integration of the grid with non-conventional energy systems has always been a difficult scenario, but with conventional energy depleting at an alarming rate and power demand rising by the day, it has become imperative to concentrate on renewable energy systems and their integration with the conventional system. Little attention has been paid to the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into the existing Power System to meet the growing demand for electricity and improve the related power quality issues. Power quality issues and their significant influence on sensitive loads are well-known. By integrating a solar PV integrated Static Synchronous Compensator (PV-STATCOM) and PV-battery based Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) into the grid, the proposed study aims to compare the performance of both the devices to improve power quality issue. The maximum power output from a PV array is retrieved using a P&O MPPT controller, regardless of temperature or irradiation conditions. The PV- STATCOM's and DVRâ€™s DC-link is connected to solar PV via a DC-DC boost converter. MATLAB SIMULINK has been used to model and simulate PV integrated DVR and STATCOM. The PI controller and discrete PWM provides the control of DVR and PV-STATCOM. According to the simulation results DVR is more efficient than D-STATCOM for improving power quality in PV integrated grid.

Water Sprinkler with LPG Detection, Notification, and Control System and GSM Module

Muhammad Ahmad Baballe, Auwal Rabiu Dansharif, Nuhu A. Muhammad, Amina Ibrahim — Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This system intends to show an automatic design that can detect, alert, and regulate gas leakage by employing an exhaust fan to remove gas from the area when there is a leak and a sprinkler to put out a fire in the event of a fire break-out. An alarm is triggered, an exhaust fan moves the gas outside, and a liquid crystal display (LCD) indicates how the system is functioning despite any distortions in the event of a gas leak. The Arduino UNO serves as the system's primary controller, and the buzzer serves as a notification device. In the case of a gas leak, notifications are sent via the GSM module to the registered cellphone number. The installation of a monitoring system for gas leaks in vulnerable areas is one of the steps done to stop accidents caused by this gas leak. The system uses a gas sensor (MQ) to find liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) leaks and a buzzer to notify nearby businesses, organizations, or individuals of the problem. The appliance is designed to be used in homes where running heaters and other natural gas or LPG-powered equipment can be challenging. For businesses or sectors that rely on natural gas or LPG for their operations, the system can also be used for other things.

Systematic Review of the Literature on Various Soil Classification Methods

Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Traditional methods for classifying soil have many challenges, such as being time-consuming, very expensive, intrusive, among others. By measuring precise soil properties including moisture, temperature, humidity, PH, and nutrient content/fertility, soil monitoring and Internet of Things (IoT) technology help improve agriculture by improving production. Then, with the help of the right data operations, this data is collected in cloud storage, allowing us to improve farming tactics and produce trend analyses. This, then, allows us to precisely utilize resources and steer our farming methods in prudent ways to optimize yield. In this research, we have reviewed many articles related to soil classifications and their various methods and techniques of classification.

Design and Development of Control and Management Systems for Smart Homes

Muhammad Ahmad Baballe, Auwal Rabiu Dansharif, Nuhu A. Muhammad, Amina Ibrahim — Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The smart home and management system in this study are powered by D.C. batteries. Before running out of power, a fully charged battery can last for two to three days. When you turn on the system, the maximum temperature and the name of the study are shown on the LCD. Additionally, it will demonstrate that no one is in the house. As more individuals enter the house after you click the push button to enter, it will show on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) that you are welcome and that there are now more people inside. You get to decide how many people you let inside the residence. If you set the limit to 12, the door won't open again until someone quits the building by pressing the exit button before another person is allowed to enter. You can pick when you want the fan to turn on automatically by setting the maximum temperature. The fan in the house is used to lower the temperature if the weather is hot. The fan won't turn on until the maximum temperature of 30 Â°C has been reached, for example. Additionally, if everyone leaves the house, the fan and light will turn off automatically because nobody is inside. For safety purposes, there is a light in front of the house. It will automatically turn on if it becomes dark outside at night. The second LDR outside the home is in charge of controlling this light. The exterior light will turn off during the day if the LDR detects light, and it will turn on automatically at night if it detects dark. This is done for security reasons. Within the residence is the first LDR. It will switch on the lights when someone enters the house. No one will be able to exit the house before the light is turned off.

Genetic Algorithms Optimization for High Temperature Superconductors SN Class Molecular Effect Model with Electronics Applications

Francisco Casesnoves — Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This contribution deals with the Molecular Effect Model (MEM) Genetic Algorithms polynomial-dual optimization for High Temperature Superconductors (HTSCs) class of [ Sn-Sb-Te-Ba-Mn-Cu-O ] . Results comprise Tikhonov Regularization Functionals development and mathematical methods for this HTSCs group without using logarithmic changes. Findings for this MEM optimization, based on Genetic Algorithms polynomial-dual-method show acceptable theoretical Numerical and 2D/3D Graphical Optimization solutions and low residuals. Solutions comprise two parts, the modelling for T_C Molecular Effect predictions equations, and 2D graphics series of results. Electronics Physics applications for Superconductors and High Temperature Superconductors are specified for Isotope Effect in BCS theory and for MEM and presented.

Water Quality Analysis in Chandigarh

Pooja Kumari, Baban Kumar S Bansod, Lini Mathew — Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Water is one of the most valuable natural resources on the planet and is crucial for the survival of both plant and animals. Water quality is just as crucial as water availability. Glaciers should be taken into account when calculating the amount of water on earth, which is 97 percent ocean and 3 percent fresh water. There are surface and subterranean water bodies that contain 2% of fresh water, which is suitable for human consumption. So, when we drink water, it is important to assess its quality and regulate it in a disciplined manner. Water's physical, chemical, and biological properties all have an impact on its quality.These characteristics of water are impacted by water contamination brought on by numerous human activities. Depending on the activities, pollutants are disposed of in water bodies, changing the characteristics of water's standard amount.This present study collected water samples from 18 different places in Chandigarh area Then the data have been taken of different parameters like Temperature, pH, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, and Electrical Conductivity and visualize the data on the dashboard in the form of graphs.